ST is launching the TeseoVI, our first single-die quad-band GNSS receiver, which additionally options anti-jamming and anti-spoofing applied sciences. As automobile makers demand extra precision and reliability for purposes like stage 2 and stage 3 autonomous driving, we additionally needed to decrease prices to make these applied sciences much more accessible to mainstream autos. Certainly, by providing a single-die system, we are able to considerably decrease the invoice of supplies with out compromising the smarter capabilities automobile makers deliver to their drivers. The TeseoVI additionally encompasses a pin-to-pin compatibility between its safety-capable (ASIL-B) and non-safety variations for better design flexibility.
TeseoVI: Transferring to a single die
Why is a single die a problem?
Most GNSS receivers for automotive function a number of dies in a single bundle. There’s the digital microcontroller, a baseband radio, and typically a 3rd die for reminiscence. The business adopted this method as a result of it bypassed important manufacturing challenges that come from placing all the pieces on the identical die. Furthermore, including sufficient reminiscence may also result in an enormous die dimension, decreasing yields and making units dearer. Utilizing a number of dies additionally makes optimizing the RF simpler, which results in better precision. Single-die GNSS receivers are typical in smartphones and far smaller methods that don’t require as a lot accuracy however have remained an issue for vehicles.
How did TeseoVI overcome this problem?
That’s why the TeseoVI is particular. It brings the comfort and cost-effectiveness of the single-die method that’s so standard on smartphones whereas overcoming the precision and reliability challenges that prevented such an method from serving vehicles. To make this attainable, ST optimized the RF and the phase-change reminiscence (PCM), amongst different issues. For the previous, we employed a brand new era of baseband processing, opening the door to new options (extra on that later).
TeseoVI: Jamming safety
What are the L1 and L5 sign bands?
One of many options introduced on by the brand new baseband processor is the flexibility to trace L1 and L5 alerts independently. L1 is the oldest GNSS sign, utilizing a frequency of 1575.2 MHz. It’s the slowest and doesn’t journey effectively by means of obstacles, however its maturity means it’s a most popular sign for many satellite tv for pc positioning purposes. L5 makes use of the 1176 MHz frequency and is essentially the most superior GNSS sign. Launched in 2021, it targets vital purposes, like aviation, however can also be obtainable for client methods. It presents better bandwidth due to greater energy ranges, improved accuracy due to interference rejection, and higher robustness. Certainly, due to its decrease frequency, it encompasses a longer wavelength that offers higher with obstacles.
jam the L1 sign?
Another excuse supporting L1 and L5 alerts independently is important is as a result of it offers anti-jamming safety. Jamming occurs when a sign overwhelms the receiver. It may consequence from unintentional electromagnetic interference from antennas or giant infrastructure emitting intense radiation. There are additionally devoted jammers to bypass fleet monitoring, insurance coverage trackers, and extra. The L1 frequency may be very simple to jam. It doesn’t have redundancy options, and its low sign energy is simple to overwhelm, which causes the GNSS receiver to lose its lock on the sign, thus failing to accumulate navigation information. It’s really easy that L1 jammers, though unlawful in most nations, might value lower than US$20, in response to The Resilient Navigation and Timing Basis.
TeseoVI and anti-jamming
Apparently, even GNSS receivers that monitor L5 alerts might require the L1 sign. Certainly, many units purchase timing information from the L1 sign throughout their boot sequence after which use it to lock onto the L5 sign. The issue is that even a low-cost jammer may stop a tool from buying information from the L1 sign, that means the receiver can’t use the L5 band. The brand new baseband processing within the TeseoVI launched an L5-only mode, that means it doesn’t want L1 to accumulate information on L5. Consequently, it could bypass jammers. Moreover, L5 is so sturdy some estimate it to be 30 occasions more durable to jam than L1.
TeseoVI: Spoofing safety
spoof a GNSS sign?
The brand new TeseoVI additionally helps the open service navigation message authentication (OSNMA) from the Galileo constellation. In a nutshell, the function prevents spoofing assaults by cryptographically authenticating the supply of a message. Very merely, the expertise makes use of a message authentication code (MAC) to ensure the authenticity of a sign’s provenance. It doesn’t encrypt the entire message however sends a collection of codes, which is a much more environment friendly use of the bandwidth. Consequently, since Galileo generates the code, hackers can’t faux it. Moreover, since the usual sends a number of codes over time, hackers can’t simply seize one key and reuse it in a replay assault. By the point they achieve this, the important thing has expired.
help OSNMA?
To help OSNMA, {hardware} producers should replace their firmware and their software program stack and supply sufficient processing energy to deal with the additional computations. Because of this ST additionally offers intensive software program implementations with its GNSS receivers. We all know that profiting from new options could be advanced. On this occasion, decoding the OSNMA fields and managing the keys requires advanced libraries that should move audits and obtain common updates. Therefore, the TeseoVI not solely helps this anti-spoofing expertise however allows builders to benefit from it of their purposes quickly.
Making multiband extra accessible
Extra superior options to mainstream vehicles
One of many biggest advantages of a single-die design is the flexibility to decrease the price of supplies. In actual fact, since there’s no want for exterior RF and exterior reminiscence, engineers might goal a BOM value of a couple of greenback. Clearly, that is solely a basic reference level. In observe, the value will differ primarily based on the complexity of the design and volumes. Nevertheless, in all instances, it signifies that earlier prospects who used to keep away from multiband options as a result of they had been too costly will now have the ability to leap on the bandwagon. As an illustration, we are able to count on stage 2 and three autonomous driving options to succeed in extra mainstream autos.
Extra flexibility to integrators
The TeseoVI can also be the primary GNSS receiver for automotives to have a pin-to-pin appropriate model for security purposes, the TeseoAPP2 (STA9200MA), which options the identical QFN56 bundle because the TeseoVI (STA8600A). Because of this, builders can merely create one reference design and change between the ASIL-certified and the non-certified half quantity, relying on their wants.
ST may even offer the TeseoVI+ (STA8610A). It’s the identical gadget because the TeseoVI, however the TeseoVI+ can welcome customized algorithms due to twin M7 Core Processing and Exterior Reminiscence Interface (Flash/RAM). Therefore, groups wanting to make use of their software can cast off our positioning and measurement software program. Lastly, we additionally supply a module with a 6-axis inertial sensor, the Teseo-VIC6A, and its security alter ego, the Teseo-ELE6A.
