· 2 min learn
This can be a tutorial for rookies about utilizing PostgreSQL. I will present you the best way to mechanically backup and restore the database.
In case you are already conversant in PostgreSQL, however you don’t know a lot about the best way to use databases in Vapor, you need to learn my different tutorial about Fluent for rookies.
A fast intro to PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL is an open supply database, it’s obtainable for macOS, Linux and another working programs. You possibly can set up it through the use of the de-facto package deal supervisor on each platform. 📦
# Linux
sudo apt-get set up postgresql postgresql-contrib
sudo service postgresql begin
# verify service standing
sudo service --status-all
sudo service postgresql standing
# macOS
brew set up postgresql
brew providers begin postgresql
# verify service standing
brew providers checklist
You’ll additionally have to set a correct password for the postgres person, which is the admin person by default with godlike permissions. You possibly can change the foundation password, you simply need to log in as a root & alter the postgres person document with the brand new go. 🔑
# Linux
sudo -u postgres psql postgres
# macOS
psql -U postgres
# psql (12.1)
# Sort "assist" for assist.
#
# postgres=#
# ALTER ROLE
alter person postgres with password 'mypassword';
# exit
q
Any longer you’ll be capable to entry pgSQL as root on each platforms like this:
psql -h localhost -U postgres
It is strongly recommended to make use of a devoted person for each single database that you just create as a substitute of working with a shared root person. Let me present you the best way to create a brand new DB with an related person.
# Checklist of databases
l
# Present present database
choose current_database();
# Create new database
create database mydb;
# Change database
c mydb
# Create person
create person myuser with encrypted password 'mypassword';
# Grant privileges for person on the database
grant all privileges on database mydb to myuser;
# Give up from psql console
q
That’s it, you may handle your database through the use of the newly created myuser account.
# Log in again to psql console with myuser utilizing mydb
psql -h localhost -U myuser mydb
# Checklist all tables
dt
# Describe desk construction (can be helpful afterward)
d+
You possibly can be taught extra about SQL instructions utilizing this pgSQL tutorial web site.
The command beneath can fully wipe your database, be extraordinarily cautious!
Now you might be able to mess around with Fluent, however earlier than we begin I’d like to point out you some extra ideas & tips. Throughout improvement, issues can go fallacious and also you would possibly want a contemporary begin on your DB. Right here’s the best way to drop & reinitiate all the things. 😱
# Reset database
c mydb
drop schema public cascade;
create schema public;
grant all on schema public to postgres;
grant all on schema public to myuser;
grant all on schema public to public;
The snippet above will delete the public schema, subsequent it’ll recreate it and add all the mandatory permissions for the required customers. It’s fairly easy however nonetheless harmful. ⚠️
NOTE : You possibly can execute SQL scripts straight from the terminal through the use of the next command: psql -h localhost -U myuser mydb -c "choose * from mytable;"
You possibly can wipe all the things from the command line utilizing this “one-liner”:
# Run psql command from the command line
psql -h localhost -U postgres mydb
-c "drop schema public cascade;
create schema public;
grant all on schema public to postgres;
grant all on schema public to myuser;
grant all on schema public to public;"
I want to have every day backups from all my databases, this little shell script can do the job.
#!/bin/bash
# Backup database
BACKUP_DIR=/Customers/tib/backups
FILE_SUFFIX=_pg_backup.sql
OUTPUT_FILE=${BACKUP_DIR}/`date +"%Y_percentm_percentd__percentH_percentM"`${FILE_SUFFIX}
PGPASSWORD="mypass" pg_dump -U myuser -h localhost mydb -F p -f ${OUTPUT_FILE}
gzip $OUTPUT_FILE
# Take away outdated backups
DAYS_TO_KEEP=30
discover $BACKUP_DIR -maxdepth 1 -mtime +$DAYS_TO_KEEP -name "*${FILE_SUFFIX}.gz" -exec rm -rf '{}' ';'
You possibly can simply restore a database from a backup by coming into the next traces to the terminal:
# Restore database
gunzip -k file.gz
psql -U myuser -d mydb -1 -f mybackup.sql
Generally after I restarted my mac it occurred to me that the PostgreSQL stopped working. I needed to run the snippet beneath to repair the difficulty. The primary line stops the service, the second initialize a brand new database, and the third will begin the service once more. Alternatively, you can begin the database once more with the brew providers begin postgresql command.
pg_ctl -D /usr/native/var/postgres cease -s -m quick
initdb /usr/native/var/postgres
pg_ctl -D /usr/native/var/postgres -l /usr/native/var/postgres/server.log begin
I’m not a DevOps guru, be happy to tweet me if you already know why this occurred to me. 😅
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